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- HENRY THE FIFTH
-
- Background
- THE Chorus to Act 5 of Henry V contains an uncharacteristic, direct topical
- reference:
- Were now the General of our gracious Empress -
- As in good time he may - from Ireland coming,
- Bringing rebellion broachΦd on his sword,
- How many would the peaceful city quit
- To welcome him!
- æThe GeneralÆ must be the Earl of Essex, whose æEmpressÆ - Queen Elizabeth -
- had sent him on an Irish campaign on 27 March 1599; he returned, disgraced,
- on 28 September. Plans for his campaign had been known at least since the
- previous November; the idea that he might return in triumph would have been
- meaningless after September 1599, and it seems likely that Shakespeare wrote
- his play during 1599, probably in the spring. It appeared in print, in a debased
- text, in (probably) August 1600, when it was said to have æbeen sundry times
- played by the Right Honourable the Lord Chamberlain his servantsÆ. Although
- this text seems to have been put together from memory by actors playing in an
- abbreviated adaptation, the Shakespearian text behind it appears to have been in
- a later state than the generally superior text printed from Shakespeare's own
- papers in the 1623 Folio. Our edition draws on the 1600 quarto in the attempt to
- represent the play as acted by Shakespeare's company. The principal difference
- is the reversion to historical authenticity in the substitution at Agincourt of the
- Duke of Bourbon for the Dauphin.
-
- As in the two plays about Henry IV, Shakespeare is indebted to The Famous
- Victories of Henry the Fifth (printed 1598). Other Elizabethan plays about
- Henry V, now lost, may have influenced him; he certainly used the chronicle
- histories of Edward Hall (1542) and Holinshed (1577, revised and enlarged in
- 1587).
-
- From the æcivil broilsÆ of the earlier history plays, Shakespeare turns to portray
- a country united in war against France. Each act is prefaced by a Chorus,
- speaking some of the play's finest poetry, and giving it an epic quality. Henry
- V, æstar of EnglandÆ, is Shakespeare's most heroic warrior king, but (like his
- predecessors) has an introspective side, and is aware of the crime by which his
- father came to the throne. We are reminded of his æwilder daysÆ, and see that the
- transition from æmadcap princeÆ to the æmirror of all Christian kingsÆ involves
- loss: although the epilogue to 2 Henry IV had suggested that Sir John would
- reappear, he is only, though poignantly, an off-stage presence. Yet
- Shakespeare's infusion of comic form into historical narrative reaches its natural
- conclusion in this play. Sir John's cronies, Pistol, Bardolph, Nim, and Mistress
- Quickly, reappear to provide a counterpart to the heroic action, and Shakespeare
- invents comic episodes involving an Englishman (Gower), a Welshman
- (Fluellen), an Irishman (MacMorris), and a Scot (Jamy). The play also has
- romance elements, in the almost incredible extent of the English victory over
- the French and in the disguised Henry's comradely mingling with his soldiers,
- as well as in his courtship of the French princess. The play's romantic and
- heroic aspects have made it popular especially in times of war and have aroused
- accusations of jingoism, but the horrors of war are vividly depicted, and the
- Chorus's closing speech reminds us that Henry died young, and that his son's
- protector ælost France and made his England bleedÆ.
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- THE PERSONS OF THE PLAY
-
- CHORUS
-
- KING HARRY V of England, claimant to the French throne
- Duke of GLOUCESTER }
- Duke of CLARENCE } his brothers
- Duke of EXETER, his uncle
- Duke of YORK
- SALISBURY
- WESTMORLAND
- WARWICK
-
- Archbishop of CANTERBURY
- Bishop of ELY
-
- Richard, Earl of CAMBRIDGE }
- Henry, Lord SCROPEof Masham } traitors
- Sir Thomas GREY }
-
- PISTOL }
- NIM } formerly Falstaff's companions
- BARDOLPH }
- BOY, formerly Falstaff's page
- HOSTESS, formerly Mistress Quickly, now Pistol's wife
- Captain GOWER, an Englishman
- Captain FLUELLEN, a Welshman
- Captain MACMORRIS, an Irishman
-
- Captain JAMY, a Scot
-
- Sir Thomas ERPINGHAM
- John BATES }
- Alexander COURT } English soldiers
- Michael WILLIAMS }
- HERALD
-
- KING CHARLES VI of France
- ISABEL, his wife and queen
- The DAUPHIN, their son and heir
- CATHERINE, their daughter
- ALICE, an old gentlewoman
-
- THE CONSTABLEof France }
- Duke of BOURBON }
- Duke of ORLΘANS }
- Duke of BERRI } French noblemen at Agincourt
- Lord RAMBURES }
- Lord GRANDPRΘ }
-
- Duke of BURGUNDY
- MONTJOY, the French Herald
- GOVERNOR of Harfleur
- French AMBASSADORS to England
-
-
-
- Prologue
-
- (Enter Chorus as Prologue)
- l1l Chorus O for a muse of fire, that would ascend
- l2l The brightest heaven of invention:
- l3l A kingdom for a stage, princes to act,
- l4l And monarchs to behold the swelling scene.
- l5l Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,
- l6l Assume the port of Mars, and at his heels,
- l7l Leashed in like hounds, should famine, sword, and fire
- l8l Crouch for employment. But pardon, gentles all,
- l9l The flat unraisΦd spirits that hath dared
- l10l On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth
- l11l So great an object. Can this cock-pit hold
- l12l The vasty fields of France? Or may we cram
- l13l Within this wooden O the very casques
- l14l That did affright the air at Agincourt?
- l15l O pardon: since a crookΦd figure may
- l16l Attest in little place a million,
- l17l And let us, ciphers to this great account,
- l18l On your imaginary forces work.
- l19l Suppose within the girdle of these walls
- l20l Are now confined two mighty monarchies,
- l21l Whose high uprearΦd and abutting fronts
- l22l The perilous narrow ocean parts asunder.
- l23l Piece out our imperfections with your thoughts:
- l24l Into a thousand parts divide one man,
- l25l And make imaginary puissance.
- l26l Think, when we talk of horses, that you see them,
- l27l Printing their proud hoofs iÆ thÆ receiving earth;
- l28l For Ætis your thoughts that now must deck our kings,
- l29l Carry them here and there, jumping oÆer times,
- l30l Turning thÆ accomplishment of many years
- l31l Into an hourglassùfor the which supply,
- l32l Admit me Chorus to this history,
- l33l Who Prologue-like your humble patience pray
- l34l Gently to hear, kindly to judge, our play.
- (Exit)
-